Knikker (geslacht)
Uiterlijk
(Doorverwezen vanaf Pyrenula)
| Knikker | ||||||||||||
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| Pyrenula pseudobufonia | ||||||||||||
| Taxonomische indeling | ||||||||||||
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| Geslacht | ||||||||||||
| Pyrenula Ach. (1814) | ||||||||||||
| Pyrenula chlorospila | ||||||||||||
| Afbeeldingen op | ||||||||||||
| Knikker op | ||||||||||||
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Knikker (Pyrenula) is een geslacht van schimmels uit de familie Pyrenulaceae. De typesoort is Pyrenula nitida. Het geslacht komt wereldwijd voor. Met name is het vertegenwoordigd in tropische gebieden.
Soorten
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]Volgens Index Fungorum telt het geslacht 180 soorten (peildatum februari 2023):
| Soortnaam | Auteur(s) | Publicatiejaar |
|---|---|---|
| Pyrenula abditicarpa | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula acutispora | Kalb & Hafellner | 1992 |
| Pyrenula adacta | Fée | 1825 |
| Pyrenula aggregataspistea | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula albonigra | Aptroot, D.S. Andrade & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula andina | Aptroot | 2008 |
| Pyrenula annulata | Müll. Arg. | 1893 |
| Pyrenula anomala | (Ach.) Vain. | 1915 |
| Pyrenula arthoniotheca | Upreti | 1998 |
| Pyrenula asahinae | (Kashiw. & Kurok.) H. Harada | 2004 |
| Pyrenula aspistea | (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach. | 1814 |
| Pyrenula astroidea | (Fée) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula aurantiacorubra | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula aurantioinspersa | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula aurantiopileata | Aptroot | 2007 |
| Pyrenula aurantiothallina | C.O. Mendonça, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2016 |
| Pyrenula baileyi | (C. Knight) Shirley | 1889 |
| Pyrenula bataanensis | (Rehm) Shoemaker & P.M. LeClair | 1975 |
| Pyrenula bicuspidata | Müll. Arg. | 1893 |
| Pyrenula biseptata | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2018 |
| Pyrenula bispora | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula borneensis | Aptroot | 2012 |
| Pyrenula breutelii | (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula caracasana | Müll. Arg. | 1885 |
| Pyrenula caraibica | Aptroot & Etayo | 2003 |
| Pyrenula celaticarpa | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula cerina | Eschw. | 1824 |
| Pyrenula ceylonensis | (Ajay Singh & Upreti) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula chloroplaca | Shirley | 1894 |
| Pyrenula chlorospila (duinknikker) | Arnold | 1887 |
| Pyrenula cinnabarina | Aptroot, E.L. Lima & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula clavatispora | Common & Aptroot | 2017 |
| Pyrenula coccinea | C.O. Mendonça, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2016 |
| Pyrenula concatervans | (Nyl.) R.C. Harris | 1980 |
| Pyrenula confinis | (Nyl.) R.C. Harris | 1995 |
| Pyrenula conspurcata | Müll. Arg. | 1895 |
| Pyrenula convexa | (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. | 1882 |
| Pyrenula cornutispora | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula corticata | (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula coryli | A. Massal. | 1852 |
| Pyrenula crassiuscula | (Malme) Aptroot | 2002 |
| Pyrenula cruenta | (Mont.) Vain. | 1890 |
| Pyrenula cruentata | (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris | 1987 |
| Pyrenula cryptothelia | (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Etayo | 2003 |
| Pyrenula darjeelingensis | Jagad. Ram & G.P. Sinha | 2010 |
| Pyrenula decumbens | (Müll. Arg.) Upreti | 1998 |
| Pyrenula defossa | Müll. Arg. | 1882 |
| Pyrenula dermatodes | (Borrer) Schaer. | 1850 |
| Pyrenula diamantinensis | C.O. Mendonça, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2016 |
| Pyrenula duplicans | (Nyl.) Aptroot | 2008 |
| Pyrenula endocrocea | Aptroot | 2012 |
| Pyrenula fibrata | (Stirt.) Zahlbr. | 1922 |
| Pyrenula filiformis | Aptroot | 2014 |
| Pyrenula finitima | Müll. Arg. | 1887 |
| Pyrenula flavoinspersa | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula fuscoluminata | Aptroot | 2002 |
| Pyrenula fusispora | (Malme) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula fusoluminata | Aptroot | 2002 |
| Pyrenula galactina | (Shirley) Kantvilas | 1988 |
| Pyrenula gibberulosa | (Vain.) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula globifera | (Eschw.) Aptroot | 2008 |
| Pyrenula guyanensis | Sipman & Aptroot | 2013 |
| Pyrenula hawaiiensis | Aptroot | 2012 |
| Pyrenula hibernica | (Nyl.) Aptroot & Etayo | 2003 |
| Pyrenula howeana | Aptroot | 2007 |
| Pyrenula immersa | Müll. Arg. | 1887 |
| Pyrenula indusiata | Müll. Arg. | 1895 |
| Pyrenula infracongruens | Aptroot & Schumm | 2010 |
| Pyrenula infraleucotrypa | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula inframamillana | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula infrastroidea | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula inspersicollaris | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula inspersoleucotrypa | Aptroot, L.I. Ferraro & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula laevigata | (Pers.) Arnold | 1885 |
| Pyrenula laii | Aptroot | 2003 |
| Pyrenula leptaleoides | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula leucostoma | Ach. | 1814 |
| Pyrenula lilacina | C.O. Mendonça, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2016 |
| Pyrenula luteopruinosa | Etayo & Aptroot | 2003 |
| Pyrenula lyonii | (Zahlbr.) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula macrospora | (Degel.) Coppins & P. James | 1980 |
| Pyrenula macularis | (Zahlbr.) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula mamillana | (Ach.) Trevis. | 1860 |
| Pyrenula maritima | Sipman & Aptroot | 2013 |
| Pyrenula mastigophora | Aptroot | 2014 |
| Pyrenula mastophora | (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. | 1883 |
| Pyrenula mastophorizans | Müll. Arg. | 1885 |
| Pyrenula mattickiana | Sipman & Aptroot | 2013 |
| Pyrenula melaleuca | Müll. Arg. | 1891 |
| Pyrenula microcarpa | Müll. Arg. | 1885 |
| Pyrenula microcarpoides | Müll. Arg. | 1895 |
| Pyrenula micromma | (Mont.) Trevis. | 1853 |
| Pyrenula microtheca | R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula minae | Aptroot & Lücking | 2008 |
| Pyrenula minoides | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula minutispora | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2015 |
| Pyrenula minutissima | Aptroot, Valadb. & Sipman | 2012 |
| Pyrenula monospora | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula montocensis | Lücking | 2008 |
| Pyrenula multicolorata | Weerakoon & Aptroot | 2016 |
| Pyrenula muriciliata | Diederich & Ertz | 2020 |
| Pyrenula musaespora | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula neojaponica | H. Harada | 2004 |
| Pyrenula neolaevigata | H. Harada | 2004 |
| Pyrenula neosandwicensis | Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula nigrocincta | Müll. Arg. | 1891 |
| Pyrenula nitida (beukenknikker) | (Weigel) Ach. | 1814 |
| Pyrenula nitidans | Müll. Arg. | 1891 |
| Pyrenula nitidella | (Flörke) Müll. Arg. | 1885 |
| Pyrenula nitidula | (Bres.) R.C. Harris | 1997 |
| Pyrenula occidentalis | (R.C. Harris) R.C. Harris | 1987 |
| Pyrenula occulta | (C. Knight) Müll. Arg. | 1894 |
| Pyrenula ocellulata | Wijey., Lücking & Lumbsch | 2012 |
| Pyrenula ochraceoflava | (Nyl.) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula ochraceoflavens | (Nyl.) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula oxysporiza | Zahlbr. | 1922 |
| Pyrenula papillifera | (Nyl.) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula paraminarum | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula parvinuclea | (Meyen & Flot.) Aptroot | 1997 |
| Pyrenula perfecta | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula pinguis | Fée | 1825 |
| Pyrenula platystoma | (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula plicata | Sipman & Aptroot | 2013 |
| Pyrenula porinoides | Ach. | 1814 |
| Pyrenula prostrata | (Stirt.) D.J. Galloway | 2004 |
| Pyrenula punctoleucotrypa | Aptroot, L.I. Ferraro & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula pyrenastroides | (C. Knight) D.J. Galloway | 2004 |
| Pyrenula pyrenuloides | (Mont.) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula quartzitica | Aptroot | 2002 |
| Pyrenula quassiicola | Fée | 1837 |
| Pyrenula ravenelii | (Tuck.) R.C. Harris | 1989 |
| Pyrenula reebiae | Aptroot & Gueidan | 2015 |
| Pyrenula reginae | E.L. Lima, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula relicta | Etayo & Puntillo | 2011 |
| Pyrenula rhomboidea | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula rinodinospora | Aptroot | 2012 |
| Pyrenula rubroacutispora | Aptroot | 2020 |
| Pyrenula rubroanomala | Aptroot & Lücking | 2008 |
| Pyrenula rubroinspersa | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula rubrojavanica | Aptroot | 2012 |
| Pyrenula rubrolateralis | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2014 |
| Pyrenula rubromamillana | E.L. Lima, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula rubronitidula | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula rubrostigma | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula rubrostoma | R.C. Harris | 1980 |
| Pyrenula salmonea | Aptroot | 2021 |
| Pyrenula sanguinea | Aptroot, M. Cáceres & Lücking | 2013 |
| Pyrenula sanguineoastroidea | Aptroot | 2021 |
| Pyrenula sanguineomeandrata | Aptroot & Mercado Diaz | 2018 |
| Pyrenula sanguineostiolata | Aptroot & Mercado Diaz | 2018 |
| Pyrenula santensis | (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. | 1882 |
| Pyrenula schiffneri | (Zahlbr.) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula segregata | (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. | 1887 |
| Pyrenula seminuda | (Müll. Arg.) Sipman & Aptroot | 2013 |
| Pyrenula sexlocularis | (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. | 1877 |
| Pyrenula sexluminata | Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula shirleyana | (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot | 2007 |
| Pyrenula sipmanii | Aptroot & K.H. Moon | 2009 |
| Pyrenula spissitunicata | Aptroot | 2014 |
| Pyrenula subcongruens | Müll. Arg. | 1895 |
| Pyrenula subcylindrica | Jagad. Ram & Upreti | 2005 |
| Pyrenula subsoluta | (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot | 2008 |
| Pyrenula subumbilicata | (C. Knight) Aptroot | 2007 |
| Pyrenula subvariabilis | Aptroot & Sipman | 2018 |
| Pyrenula subvariolosa | (C. Knight) Aptroot | 2007 |
| Pyrenula supracongruens | Aptroot & Schumm | 2010 |
| Pyrenula supralaetior | C.O. Mendonça, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2016 |
| Pyrenula tetraspora | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula thailandica | Aptroot | 2012 |
| Pyrenula tokyoensis | (Müll. Arg.) H. Harada | 2004 |
| Pyrenula triangularis | Aptroot & Sipman | 2013 |
| Pyrenula velatior | Müll. Arg. | 1885 |
| Pyrenula vermicularis | (Kashiw. & Kurok.) H. Harada | 2004 |
| Pyrenula violaceastroidea | C.O. Mendonça, Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2016 |
| Pyrenula viridipyrgilla | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula warmingii | (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. | 1884 |
| Pyrenula welwitschii | (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot | 2011 |
| Pyrenula xanthinspersa | Aptroot & M. Cáceres | 2018 |
| Pyrenula xanthoglobulifera | Aptroot, Lücking & M. Cáceres | 2013 |
| Pyrenula xanthominuta | Aptroot | 2007 |
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) Index Fungorum