Isotopen van goud
Uiterlijk
Het chemisch element goud (Au), met een atoommassa van 196,966569(4) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 197Au. Het is tevens de enige in de natuur voorkomende isotoop van dit element, waardoor het valt onder de mononuclidische elementen. Goud is daarmee het zwaarste mononuclidisch element. De 36 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van goud is 171Au, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 30 microseconden. De langstlevende is 195Au, met een halfwaardetijd van 186 dagen.
Overzicht[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]
Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168,99808(32) | 150 µs | 1/2+ | ||||
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169,99612(22) | 310(50) µs | (2−) | ||||
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs | (9+) | ||||||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170,991879(28) | 30(5) µs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||
α (zelden) | 167Ir | ||||||||
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1,014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||
p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171,99004(17) | 4,7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | |||
p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172,986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||
β+ (zelden) | 173Pt | ||||||||
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14,0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||
β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173,98476(11) | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | |||
β+ (zelden) | 174Pt | ||||||||
174mAu | 360(70) keV | 171(29) ms | |||||||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174,98127(5) | 100 ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+ | ||
β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||
175mAu | 200(30) keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2− | ||||
β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175,98010(11) | 1,08(17) s | α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||
β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
176mAu | 150(100) keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | ||||||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176,976865(14) | 1,462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||
α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1,180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177,97603(6) | 2,6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||
α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178,973213(18) | 7,1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2− | ||
α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179,972521(23) | 8,1(3) s | β+ (98,2%) | 180Pt | |||
α (1,8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180,970079(21) | 13,7(14) s | β+ (97,3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||
α (2,7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181,969618(22) | 15,5(4) s | β+ (99,87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||
α (0,13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182,967593(11) | 42,8(10) s | β+ (99,2%) | 183Pt | 5/2− | ||
α (0,8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||
183m1Au | 73,3(4) keV | > 1 µs | 1/2+ | ||||||
183m2Au | 230,6(6) keV | < 1 µs | 11/2− | ||||||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183,967452(24) | 20,6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||
184mAu | 68,46(1) keV | 47,6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||
IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||
α (0,013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184,965789(28) | 4,25(6) min | β+ (99,74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||
α (0,26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||
185mAu | 100(100) keV | 6,8(3) min | 1/2+ | ||||||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185,965953(23) | 10,7(5) min | β+ (99,9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||
α (8 × 10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||
186mAu | 227,77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | ||||||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186,964568(27) | 8,4(3) min | β+ (99,997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||
α (0,003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||
187mAu | 120,51(16) keV | 2,3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187,965324(22) | 8,84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1− | ||
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188,963948(22) | 28,7(3) min | β+ (99,9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||
α (3 × 10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||
189m1Au | 247,23(16) keV | 4,59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||
IT (zelden) | 189Au | ||||||||
189m2Au | 325,11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
189m3Au | 2554,7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | ||||||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189,964700(17) | 42,8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1- | ||
α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||
190mAu | 200(150) keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11− | ||||
β+ (zelden) | 190Pt | ||||||||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190,96370(4) | 3,18(8) uur | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||
191m1Au | 266,2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | > 400 ns | |||||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191,964813(17) | 4,94(9) uur | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||
192m1Au | 135,41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | 5+ | ||||
192m2Au | 431,6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192,964150(11) | 17,65(15) uur | β+ (100%) | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||
α (10−5%) | 189It | ||||||||
193m1Au | 290,19(3) keV | 3,9(3) s | IT (99,97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||
β+ (0,03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||
193m2Au | 2486,5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193,965365(11) | 38,02(10) uur | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||
194m1Au | 107,4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||
194m2Au | 475,8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194,9650346(14) | 186,098(47) d | EV | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||
195mAu | 318,58(4) keV | 30,5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195,966570(3) | 6,1669(6) dagen | β+ (93,05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||
β− (6,95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||
196m1Au | 84,660(20) keV | 8,1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||
196m2Au | 595,66(4) keV | 9,6(1) uur | 12− | ||||||
197Au | 79 | 118 | 196,9665687(6) | stabiel | 3/2+ | 1,0000 | |||
197mAu | 409,15(8) keV | 7,73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197,9682423(6) | 2,69517(21) dagen | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||
198m1Au | 312,2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | ||||||
198m2Au | 811,7(15) keV | 2,27(2) dagen | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198,9687652(6) | 3,139(7) dagen | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||
199mAu | 548,9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199,97073(5) | 48,4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1− | ||
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18,7(5) uur | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||
IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200,971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201,97381(18) | 28,8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202,975155(3) | 53(2) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203,97772(22) | 39,8(9) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204,97987(32) | 31(2) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+ |
Overzicht van isotopen per element[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]
1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
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1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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