English: Figure 8 from article: Ismail, N., Ohtsuka, S., Venmathi Maran, B. A., Tasumi, S., Zaleha, K. & Yamashita, H. 2013: Complete life cycle of a pennellid Peniculus minuticaudae Shiino, 1956 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) infecting cultured threadsail filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer. Parasite, 20, 42. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013041

Schematic life cycle of Peniculus minuticaudae Shiino, 1956.
A, infective copepodid;
B, chalimus I;
C, chalimus II;
D, chalimus III;
E, chalimus IV;
F, pre-metamorphic adult female;
G, adult male;
H, pre-copulation guarding of chalimus I female by adult male;
I, copulation of adult male to pre-metamorphic adult female;
J, fertilized pre-metamorphic adult female with spermatophores, detached from temporary frontal filament and swimming to locate new settlement site;
K, fertilized pre-metamorphic adult female clinging to the new settlement site on the fin ray of host;
L, ovigerous post-metamorphic female on the fin of fish host;
M, fish host, threadsail filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer).

Arrowheads show infection sites of P. minuticaudae on the host. Stages involved in precopulation surrounded by continuous lines; free-swimming stages surrounded by dotted lines.