English: Various Bible Student writings from the Watch Tower Schism in 1917. The newly elected second Watch Tower President, J.F. 'Judge' Rutherford, sought to control the Bible Society and the movement under his own personal style, similar in principle to that exercised by Pastor Russell. Several members of the Board of Directors dissented on the grounds that his doing so violated terms of both the Society's Charter and Russell's Last Will & Testament. In response Rutherford dismissed them, claiming they had not been legally elected, and chose four other individuals to take their place. These are a few of the pamphlets printed during a 'pamphleteering war' that took place between the dismissed Board members with supporting Bible Students, and Rutherford's Board and those supporting him. As the issues became more widely known, and as Rutherford's changes became more blatant, nearly three-quarters of Bible Students severed ties with the Society by the end of 1928. Those who stayed loyal to J.F. Rutherford later became known as Jehovah's Witnesses in 1931.