Gebruiker:Satrughna/projectpagina 2
Sculpture and minting[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]
In sculpture, a threedimensional version of the pantograph was used[1], usually a large boom connected to a fixed point at one end, bearing two rotating pointing needles at arbitrary points along this boom. By adjusting the needles different enlargement or reduction ratios can be achieved. This device, now largely overtaken by computer guided router systems that scan a model and can produce it in a variety of materials and in any desired size,[2] was first invented by inventor and steam pioneer James Watt (1736-1819) and perfected by Benjamin Cheverton (1796-1876) in 1836. Cheverton's machine was fitted with a rotating cutting bit to carve reduced versions of well-known sculptures.[3]. Of course a threedimensional pantograph can also be used to enlarge sculpture by interchanging the position of the model and the copy.[4][5]
Another version is still very much in use to reduce the size of large relief designs for coins down to the required size of the coin.[6]
- ↑ A video with sculptor CS Jagger using a threedimensional pantograph
- ↑ An example of a sculpture being computer carved in marble
- ↑ Cheverton's reducing machine
- ↑ A large 3D-pantograph in action
- ↑ Enlarging a copy of the Statue of Liberty (French) by means of a 3d-pantograph with a scanning wheel and a cutting edge, in clay.
- ↑ http://www.fleur-de-coin.com/articles/moderncoinminting.asp The use of a pantograph in minting][