Overleg:Microbiologie

Geen verleden zonder heden

Zojuist met veel interesse het artikel gelezen en de mij opgevallen twee spelfouten gecorrigeerd. Ik ben erg benieuwd hoe het er in het heden met de microbiologie voor staat! Siebrand 22 mei 2007 13:33 (CEST)

Karl Kraus

Kan iemand uitzoeken om welke Kraus het hier gaat? De Weense journalist uit begin 20e eeuw over wie al een artikel bestaat, kan het namelijk niet geweest zijn. - Art Unbound 17 sep 2007 18:08 (CEST)

Via en:Humoral immunity vond ik On the Formation of Specific Anti-Bodies in the Blood, Following Upon Treatment with the Sera of Different Animals uit 1901 waarin die Kraus genoemd wordt. Ik zoek nog even verder. Johan Lont (voorbehoud) 17 sep 2007 19:11 (CEST)

Ik heb ondertussen even verder gezocht. De naam Karl Kraus is ingevoegd met deze bewerking. Na onderzoek bleek het te gaan om de Oostenrijkse microbioloog en immunoloog Rudolf Kraus (1868-1932) (soms geschreven als Rudolph Kraus, maar nooit als 'Karl Kraus'). Hij wordt genoemd in en:Max von Gruber.

Ik vond onder meer het volgende:

• "The discovery by RUDOLPH KRAUS (1897) that bacterial filtrates produce precipitates when mixed with the specific antiserum was a logical outcome of the discovery of agglutinins, and was followed two years later by the observation that this is a general reaction for other than bacterial proteins." [1]
• "The precipitin reaction was discovered by Rudolph Kraus in 1897. Having injected a goat with sterile cholera culture filtrates, he found that the blood serum of the goat had come to possess the property of causing a precipitate to appear when it was mixed with perfectly clear solutions of cholera culture filtrates. (...)" [2]
• "Voltando ao Rio, foi convidado a ir à Argentina, onde sua descoberta era colocada em dúvida por ninguém menos que Rudolph Kraus, diretor do Instituto de Bacteriologia de Buenos Aires." Uit: Dr.Carlos Chagas, biografia [3]
• "In the purely academic field it was Max von Gruber who accepted an appointment as head of the new Institute of Hygiene in Vienna. Gruber became well-known for his discovery of the agglutination of typhoid and cholera bacilli by sera of infected animals and humans. The same discovery was independently made by Widal in 1897, which is why this diagnostic principle which is still applied today is called the Gruber-Widal-reaction.
  Although Paltauf's own contributions were mainly in the fields of pathology and experimental pathology, several of his assistants such as Kraus and Pick, and later Eisler-Terramare, were most intensively involved in the field of Immunology. In 1897, Kraus discovered precipitation. After having passed bacterial lysates through a bacteria-proof filter he observed that filtrates and the corresponding antisera - regardless of whether they had been obtained from humans or immunized animals - formed precipitates. This showed that not only bacteria but also their soluble components react with antibodies of human or animal origin and that visible precipitates may form in the process.
  (...) Rudolf Kraus, who had left Austria shortly before the outbreak of World War I, spent ten years in South America, mostly in Argentina and Brazil and had performed important microbiological studies and trained a number of young scientists, returned to the Serotherapeutic Institute in 1923." [4]

• "With Rudolf Kraus (1868-1932), Wassermann was co-founder of the Free Association for Microbiology" [5]