Overleg:Pantheïsme

De artikel zegt in het begin dat "In elk van zijn verschijningsvormen is het dus monistisch, al is monisme daarom niet steeds pantheïsme." Dit is niet helemaal juist. Sommige filosofen en theologen hebben gesuggereerd dat pantheïsme monisme impliceert, maar er zijn ook tegenstrijdige opvattingen, zoals vanuit de metafysisch dualisme of pluralisme. Laut Geo Widengren[6] entwickelt sich aus dem Pantheismus der Polytheismus. Volgens de Zweedse oriëntalist en theoloog, Geo Widengren, ontwikkelt zich de polytheïsme vanuit het pantheïsme. Hskoppek (overleg) 3 apr 2016 12:46 (CEST)

Zie de Engelstalige pagina's over Pantheisme én Spinoza! Hieronder een aantal citaten daaruit die aangeven dat pantheisme zeer wezenlijk was voor Spinoza, en andersom: dat Spinoza's pantheistische denkbeelden zeer belangrijk (geweest) zijn in de geschiedenis van pantheïsme als idee. (niet voor niets is 'spinozisme' een andere term voor pantheisme!!)

>>van de Engelse Pantheism-pagina, over Spinoza:

Citaat1:Varieties of pantheism This article distinguishes between two divergent groups of pantheists: - Classical pantheism, which is expressed in the immanent God of Kabalistic Judaism, Advaita Vedanta Sanatana Dharma, and Monism, generally viewing God in a personal manner. -Naturalistic pantheism, based on the relatively recent views of Baruch Spinoza and John Toland (who coined the term "pantheism"), as well as contemporary influences.

Citaat2 Quotations (...)

'''Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) established the formal philosophy of Pantheism over 300 years ago. In his “Ethics” he wrote: Whatsoever is, is in God, and without God nothing can be, or be conceived. God is the indwelling, and not the transient cause of all things. — Baruch Spinoza

Albert Einstein appeared to agree with Spinoza when he said: I believe in Spinoza's God who reveals Himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with fates and actions of human beings

>>van de Engelstalige Spinoza-pagina, over zijn pantheisme:

citaat1 Life Following their expulsion from Spain during the Inquisition, many Jews sought refuge in Portugal, only to be instructed to accept Christianity or be banished. Spinoza's parents were arrested, then fled to the Netherlands. Spinoza was born to this family of Sephardic Jews, among the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. He had an orthodox Jewish upbringing; however, his critical, curious nature would soon come into conflict with the Jewish community. He initially gained infamy for his positions of pantheism and neutral monism, as well as the fact that his Ethics was written in the form of postulates and definitions, as though it were a geometry treatise.

citaat2 The Pantheism Controversy (Pantheismusstreit) In 1785, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi published a condemnation of Spinoza's pantheism, after Lessing was thought to have confessed on his deathbed to being a "Spinozist", which was the equivalent in his time of being called an atheist. Jacobi claimed that Spinoza's doctrine was pure materialism, because all Nature and God are said to be nothing but extended substance. This, for Jacobi, was the result of Enlightenment rationalism and it would finally end in absolute atheism. Moses Mendelssohn disagreed with Jacobi, saying that there is no actual difference between theism and pantheism. The entire issue became a major intellectual and religious concern for European civilization at the time, which Immanuel Kant rejected, as he thought that attempts to conceive of transcendent reality would lead to antinomies in thought.

Spinoza's philosophy was considered to be a religion by the Germans of the late eighteenth century. It seemingly provided an alternative to Materialism, Atheism, and Deism. They did not, however, value Spinoza's geometric form with its logical proofs. Three of Spinoza's ideas strongly appealed to them:

the unity of all that exists; the regularity of all that happens; and the identity of spirit and nature. Spinoza's "God or Nature" provided a living, natural God, in contrast to the Newtonian mechanical First Cause or the dead mechanism of the French "Man Machine."

citaat3 Modern relevance (...)

Spinoza has had influence beyond the confines of philosophy. Albert Einstein named Spinoza as the philosopher who exerted the most influence on his worldview (Weltanschauung). Spinoza equated God (infinite substance) with Nature, consistent with Einstein's belief in an impersonal deity. In 1929, Einstein was asked in a telegram by Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein whether he believed in God. Einstein responded by telegram "I believe in Spinoza's God who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings."[1] ''Spinoza's pantheism'' has also influenced the environmental theory. Arne Næss, the father of the deep ecology movement, acknowledged Spinoza as an important inspiration.