Gebruiker:Ron64nl/Kanuragan

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Kanuragan, letterlijke vertaling is onkwetsbaarheid, is de wetenschap die gaat over het bovennatuurlijke binnen de krijgskunst. Wetenschap die gaat over het kunnen incaseren, kunnen overleven, en het kunnen aanvallen met buitengewone kracht.

Met het bovennatuurlijke wordt het niet tastbare bedoeld. Dit wordt binnen Pencak Silat ook vaak de "Ilmu Kebatinan" genoemd. "Ilmu Kebatinan" betekent "de kennis/wetenschap van het innerlijke lichaam en de geest". Velen zullen dit samenvatten als mystiek en/of onmogelijk. Er zijn echter voldoende voorbeelden te noemen die al vele Pencak Silat-beoefenaars hebben ervaren. Enkele vaak genoemde termen zijn: het ontwikkelen van innerlijke kracht (Tenaga Dalam), het zesde zintuig (Indera Keenam), de magische zelfverdediging (Kanuragan), het oproepen van geesten (Ilmu Kontak), telepathie enz. Het aspect Mental-Spiritual stimuleert motivatie, prestatie, intensiteit en toewijding.

Tegenhanger is het natuurlijke. Hiermee bedoeld men het tastbare zoals ademhalingssystemen, meditatie vormen, concentratievormen, gebed, het verder ontwikkelen van de zintuigen, enz

Ook binnen andere krijgskunsten speelt het bovennatuurlijke vaak een rol. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn o.a. Shaolin

Engels

Tenaga Dalam

Literally, inner strength. This term has wide range of meaning, the most simple and most popular definition is an extra strength gained from certain kind of qigong-like breathing exercise.

Demonstration of tenaga dalam also vary, the most common demonstration are breaking bricks, taking punch, detecting object with eyes closed, and throwing people from distance. Non martial art people learn tenaga dalam for health or other practical purpose.

Well known school for tenaga dalam are Satria Nusantara, Merpati Putih, Sin Lam Ba, Panca Daya and countless minor study groups.

Kanuragan

This is Javanese term that doesn’t have accurate match in English (even in modern Indonesian language). Kanuragan is collection of supernatural abilities (called ‘aji’ or ‘ajian’) obtained through certain deeds or sacrifices.

There lots of ajian known to Javanese people, some are derived from Indian epic Ramayana and Mahabharata, hence named in Sanskrit, while some others are Javanese invention. Ajians are not only related to fighting, in fact, there are ajian for almost every aspect of human life. Here are some of the well known ajian;

• Ajian Rog-rog Asem, gives the owner such strength that his strike could shake large tree leafless (usually oak, banyan or other gigantic trees).
• Ajian Lembu Sekilan, gives the owner protection as if he or she is wearing a buffalo leather armor of sekilan thick (sekilan is thickness/length measurement from tip of thumb to tip of index finger when palm is stretched open).
• Aji Gelap Ngampar, a laugh that can kill anybody within its sound range. Some version says that it give charm to your voice.
• Aji Jaran Goyang, gives the owner charm against the opposite sex.
• Aji Kawibawan, gives the owner incredible charisma
• Aji Babi Ngepet, turn the owner into magical boar and enable him/her to magically steal money from locked houses …
• ... and many more.

In other regions in Indonesia, the word ‘Kesaktian’ is more commonly used, but the characteristic is the same with Kanuragan.

Kanuragan are only taught in closed school, due to its uncommon way of practice. For example, students are required to fast for three days and night, stay awake for seven days, meditate for several days, and many other things. The darker version of Kanuragan even requires its student to eat corpse, rape certain number of women, drink blood of certain kind of animal… and other horrible things.

Ilmu Gaib

Derived from Arabic, Ilmu is knowledge and Gaib refer to anything undetected by our senses. Apparently this term is used after Islam came to Indonesia.

There is no specific definition of ilmu gaib. Anything that is unexplainable by reason can be called gaib in Indonesia. Some even consider it as opposite of science, hence tenaga dalam, kesaktian, and kanuragan are example of ilmu gaib.

However, the feats required to obtain ilmu gaib are usually marked with Islamic-related attribute, thought it is not necessarily Islamic teachings. The most common practice is ‘dik’r’, chanting names of God or other standardized prays for extreme number of repetitions. It is common to see students do the chanting for days.

Ilmu gaib are usually attributed to traditional Islamic scholars, and can be learned in ‘pesantren’, traditional school of Islamic study, usually taught with Silat.

Part of ilmu gaib that is most commonly used (or they believe that they use it) is ilmu khodam. Khodam is Arabic word for servant, mastering ilmu khodam means you have a magical servant with you, ready to take order. If you are familiar with Aladin story, that is good example of ilmu khodam, having a powerful genie to do your errand.

However, most Moslem scholar actually forbid such practice, ilmu gaib, saying that it is basically interaction with satan and not true teaching of Islam.

There are more kinds of magical stuffs related with silat, but they fall into one of the three big categories above.

Bronnen

• Jean-Marc of Grave, Ritual initiation and martial arts: Three schools of Javanese kanuragan, 2001, ISBN 2-7475-0242-2
• The Concept of Aji (agi) in Kanuragan and Tenaga Dalam

[[Categorie:Esoterie]]