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Jan Rath is a Dutch [sociaal wetenschapper]. He is currently holding a Chair in Sociology in the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Rath has contributed substantially to the study of urban structures and processes, as well as their ethnic and religious dimensions, next to a wide array of other topics including: urban economies, ondernemerschap and business development, commercial gentrificatie, informalization, urban public space, but also spatial and school segregation, religion, racisme, Integratie policy, political mobilization (notably electoral participation and vakbondsvorming), and the epistemologie of migratie studies. His latest work revolves around new forms of urbanity, hipster, and the life style, mentalities and daily practices of (young) urban professionals in postindustriële steden.

Early life[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Rath was born in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and grew up in a lower-class family in Afrikaanderwijk en Hillesluis, both blue-color neighborhoods located close to the ports in the southern part of the city.

Education and career[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

After a two-year gap period, in which he did odd jobs moving furniture, packing tomatoes, X-raying industrial installations, and counting bus passengers for which he earned money, and a lot of traveling, Rath decided to enroll in Utrecht University. He received his MA degree in cultural anthropology and urban studies (1986) and his PhD from this university (1991).

He held academic posts at the Center for the Study of Social Conflicts (COMT) in Leiden University (1982-1986), the Center for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Society (SMES) in Utrecht University (1986-1990), the Institute for the Sociology of Law in the Catholic University of Nijmegen (currently named Radboud University, 1990-1994), and the Department of Sociology in the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) (1998-1999). In 1994 he joined the University of Amsterdam. From 2000-2005, he was Associate Director of UvA’s Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies (IMES). In 2005, Rath was appointed as Chair in Urban Sociology and he became IMES’ Academic Director (till Spring 2011). From 2010-2015, Rath was the Chair of the combined Department of Sociology and Anthropology and he also acted as the Chair of the Faculty’s Domain of Social Sciences.

Today, Rath is holding a Chair in Urban Sociology in the Department of Sociology in the University of Amsterdam. He is also a Researcher in the Center for Urban Studies and the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies (IMES), both in the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR). He is, moreover, the Coordinator of the Erasmus Mundus Master Program in Migration and Social Cohesion (MISOCO), Member of the IMISCOE Research Network, and the European Chair of International Metropolis.

Contributions[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Trained in anthropology and urban studies, Rath ventured out into various other disciplines, such as political science, sociology of law, economic sociology, and cultural and economic geography.

In the early phases of his career, Rath positioned himself in the international debate of racism and discrimination. At the time, many students of racism put the colonial model central in their considerations and assumed that the only or the most important racism is that which has black people as its object. Rath, however, following the British sociologist Robert Miles, proposed to take the formation of the nation state as a starting point for the theoretical understanding of the nature and meaning of racism in present-day Europe.[1] A key process then is the construction of the imagined community of the nation. Racism could be one of the ideologies that constitute that process, as is plain from the French and British cases. In each case, sections of the population were ideologically excluded from the imagined community on the grounds of the negative evaluation of racialized features, while the remaining members of society were ideologically included on the grounds of the positive evaluation of them. Racialized features pertained to real or alleged biological characteristics of people or their cultural characteristics for as far as they were considered as fixed, naturalized. But the process of nation-state formation is historically specific. In each nation state specific criteria apply which determine who does and who does not belong to the imagined community of the nation. As Rath convincingly demonstrated, the Dutch case shows that the problematization of (non-immigrant) anti-social families or immigrant ethnic minorities is not necessarily an expression of racism.[2] Anti-social families and ethnic minorities—both constituting fractions of the lowest social classes—were seen by the rest of society as people with life styles deviating from that of the middle class ideal type, as people who did not adequately conform to the dominant norms of normal behavior, as backward people with a pre-modern life style. The dominant ideological representation of these categories apparently revolved around real or alleged socio-cultural features. That is why they were not represented as races apart but as minorities apart. The crux is that in the Dutch case these socio-cultural features are not regarded as fixed or naturalized. As a matter of fact, the state and private institutions had done their utmost to integrate and assimilate these people, in other words, to change them.[3]

In a later phase, Rath together with the economic geographer Robert Kloosterman and colleagues, he developed the mixed embeddedness approach to the study of small (ethnic) entrepreneurship. The ‘mixed embeddedness’ approach is an attempt to develop a theory that combines agency factors with structural conditions in a meaningful way.[4] More concretely, it explicitly combines personal and group factors with market conditions and regulatory matters. Each market requires a specific set of skills, competences, and resources: selling kebab or game technology, for instance, constitute totally different worlds, the latter being inaccessible for uneducated entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs’ set of skills, competences, and resources consequently funnels them to specific markets, growing and shrinking markets alike. This means that the social, economic and political positionality of individual entrepreneurs is crucial for our understanding of their business activities, notably the obstacles and opportunities that are involved.[5] Rath applied this approach in the international comparative study of the immigrant garment sector, but also in his research on the transformation of ethnic neighborhoods into places of leisure and consumption and his more recent work on commercial gentrification.[6]

Advisorships and Outside Consultancies[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

He is a member of the Advisory Board of the Centre on Migration, Policy, and Society (COMPAS) within the University of Oxford. He has, moreover, been an advisor of the Dutch local and national governments, the European Commission, the OECD, the United Nations, and various other organizations. He was also associated with the World Economic Forum.

Editorial positions[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Rath was the founding and managing editor of the Dutch quarterly journal Migrantenstudies (until 2002), was editor of the Netherlands’ Journal of Social Sciences, and is currently editor of the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, advisory editor of the International Migration Review (IMR), associate editor of the Journal of International Migration and Integration (JIMI), and advisory editor of the International Journal of Comparative Migration Studies (IJCMS). He was editor of the Solidarity and Identity Series of the Amsterdam University Press, and is still advisory editor of the Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series of Palgrave. Next to that, Rath has been quite active as (guest) editor of single books and special issues of international academic journals, including the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies and the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research.

Selected publications[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Journal articles[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Books and special issues[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Blogs[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Website[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]


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