↑LeConte, J.L. (1861) Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Part I. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington, D.C. 214 pp.
↑ abLeConte, J.L. (1856) Synopsis of the Melolonthidae of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, (2)3, 225-288.
↑ abSaylor, L.W. (1938b) Revision of the subfamily Oncerinae with description of a new genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 40, 99-103.
↑Horn, G.H. (1894) The Coleoptera of Baja California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (2)4, 302-449.