↑ abcdAmin, O.M. (1987) Key to the families and subfamilies of Acanthocephala with the erection of a new class (Polyacanthocephala) and a new order (Polyacanthorhynchida). Journal of parasitology, 73(6): 1216–1219. JSTOR
↑García-Varela, M.; Cummings, M.P.; Pérez-Ponce de León, G.; Gardner, S.L.; Laclette, J.P. 2002: Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences supports the existence of class Polyacanthocephala (Acanthocephala). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 23(2): 288-292. DOI:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00020-9PDF
↑Monks, Scott and Richardson, Dennis J. (2011) “Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771 In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness”. At the time this was written, recent Acanthocephala includes 4 classes, 10 orders, 22 families, 147 genera, and 1194 species; fossil taxa includes 1 family, 3 genera, and 5 species