Donkere toonhaai

Donkere toonhaai; IUCN-status: Gevoelig (2019)
	Taxonomische indeling
Rijk:	Animalia (Dieren)
Stam:	Chordata (Chordadieren)
Klasse:	Chondrichthyes (Kraakbeenvissen)
Onderklasse:	Elasmobranchii (Haaien en roggen)
Orde:	Carcharhiniformes (Grondhaaien)
Familie:	Triakidae (Gladde haaien)
Geslacht:	Mustelus
	Soort
	Mustelus canis; (Mitchill, 1815)
	Verspreiding
	Afbeeldingen op Wikimedia Commons
	Donkere toonhaai op Wikispecies
Portaal	Biologie

De donkere toonhaai^[3] (Mustelus canis), ook wel hondshaai^[4] is een haai uit de familie van de gladde haaien.^[5]^[6]

Natuurlijke omgeving[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

De donkere toonhaai komt voor in het westen van de Atlantische Oceaan, van Massachusetts tot Florida (Verenigde Staten)^[6], het noorden en westen van de Golf van Mexico, Venezuela,^[6] Cuba,^[7] Jamaica,^[8] Barbados,^[6] Bermuda,^[6] Bahama's,^[6] Aruba^[6] en de Nederlandse Antillen,^[6] Suriname^[9] en van het zuiden van Brazilië^[6] tot het noorden van Argentinië.^[6] Ook komt de haai voor in Canada.^[10]

Ondersoorten[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

De donkere toonhaai kent één ondersoort, de *Mustelus canis insularis - Heemstra, 1997^[11], die voorkomt bij diverse Caribische eilanden.

Synoniemen[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]

Allomycter dissutus - Manday, 1972^[12]
Squalus canis - Mitchill, 1815^[2]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

↑ (en) Donkere toonhaai op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
↑ ^a ^b Mitchill, S.L. 1815, The fishes of New York described and arranged. Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York v. 1: 355-492, Pls. 1-6.
↑ Bor, P.H.F. 2002 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002).
↑ Zaneveld, J.S. 1983 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean) E.J. Brill / Dr.W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p.
↑ (en) Mustelus canis. FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. Januari 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO species catalogue. Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655.
↑ Claro, R. en L.R. Parenti 2001 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba.p. 21-57. In: Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p.
↑ Caldwell, K.D. 1966 Marine and freshwater fishes of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica (17):7-109.
↑ Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura en E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p.
↑ Scott, W.B. en en M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.
↑ Heemstra, P.C. 1997 A review of the smooth-hound sharks (Genus Mustelus, Family Triakidae) of the Western Atlatnic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and a new subspecies. Bull. Mar. Sci. 60(3):894-928.
↑ Guitart Manday, D.J. 1972 (4 July), Un nuevo género y especie de Tiburón de la familia Triakidae. Poeyana, Series A, Instituto de Biologia No. 99: 1-4. [Authorship as Guitart, but seen elsewhere as Guitart Manday.]

[IUCN-1] (en) Donkere toonhaai op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

[C13292-2] Mitchill, S.L. 1815, The fishes of New York described and arranged. Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York v. 1: 355-492, Pls. 1-6.

[3] Bor, P.H.F. 2002 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002).

[4] Zaneveld, J.S. 1983 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean) E.J. Brill / Dr.W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p.

[Fishbase1-5] (en) Mustelus canis. FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. Januari 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.

[F244-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO species catalogue. Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655.

[7] Claro, R. en L.R. Parenti 2001 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba.p. 21-57. In: Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p.

[8] Caldwell, K.D. 1966 Marine and freshwater fishes of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica (17):7-109.

[9] Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura en E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p.

[10] Scott, W.B. en en M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.

[11] Heemstra, P.C. 1997 A review of the smooth-hound sharks (Genus Mustelus, Family Triakidae) of the Western Atlatnic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and a new subspecies. Bull. Mar. Sci. 60(3):894-928.

[12] Guitart Manday, D.J. 1972 (4 July), Un nuevo género y especie de Tiburón de la familia Triakidae. Poeyana, Series A, Instituto de Biologia No. 99: 1-4. [Authorship as Guitart, but seen elsewhere as Guitart Manday.]

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