Robert Harding Whittaker: verschil tussen versies
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Versie van 22 aug 2010 17:06
Robert Whittaker (Wichita, 27 december 1920 - 20 oktober 1980) was een Amerikaans ecoloog en taxonoom die vooral bekendheid kreeg door zijn indeling van organismen in vijf rijken: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista en Monera.
| Linnaeus 1735 |
Haeckel 1866 |
Chatton 1925 |
Copeland 1938[1] |
Whittaker 1969[2] |
Woese e.a. 1990[3] |
Cavalier-Smith 1998[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 rijken | 3 rijken | 2 rijken | 4 rijken | 5 rijken | 3 domeinen | 6/7 rijken |
| (niet behandeld) | Protista | Prokaryota | Monera | Monera | Bacteria | Bacteria |
| Archaea | Archaea | |||||
| Eukaryota | Protoctista | Protista | Eucarya | "Protozoa" | ||
| "Chromista" | ||||||
| Vegetabilia | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | ||
| Fungi | Fungi | |||||
| Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia |
Referenties
- Robert H. Whittaker Communities and Ecosystems, Macmillan, 1975. ISBN 0024273902
- Robert H. Whittaker(Ed), Classification of Plant Communities, 1978 (Handbook of Vegetation Science), Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 9061935660
- ↑ (en) Copeland H. (1938). The kingdoms of organisms. Quarterly Review of Biology 13 (4): 383–420. DOI: 10.1086/394568.
- ↑ (en) Whittaker RH. (1969). New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science 163 (3863): 150–60. DOI: 10.1126/science.163.3863.150.
- ↑ (en) Woese C, Kandler O, Wheelis M. (1990). Towards a natural system of organisms:proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. PNAS 87 (12): 4576–9. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.
- ↑ (en) Cavalier-Smith T. (1998). A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73 (3): 203–66. PMID 9809012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x.