Isotopen van europium
Het chemisch element europium (Eu), met een atoommassa van 151,964(1) u, bezit 2 stabiele isotopen: 151Eu en 153Eu, waarvan de laatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 52,2%). In 2007 werd echter ontdekt dat 151Eu een radio-isotoop is, maar aangezien de halfwaardetijd (5 triljoen jaar) dermate lang is, kan de isotoop als stabiel beschouwd worden.[1] De overige 35 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van europium is 130Eu, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 1,1 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 151Eu, met een halfwaardetijd van 5 triljoen jaar.
Overzicht[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]
Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
130Eu | 63 | 67 | 129,96357(54) | 1,1(5) ms | 2+ | ||||
131Eu | 63 | 68 | 130,95775(43) | 17,8(19) ms | 3/2+ | ||||
132Eu | 63 | 69 | 131,95437(43) | 100 ms | β+ | 132Sm | |||
p | 131Sm | ||||||||
133Eu | 63 | 70 | 132,94924(32) | 200 ms | β+ | 133Sm | 11/2− | ||
134Eu | 63 | 71 | 133,94651(21) | 0,5(2) s | β+ | 134Sm | |||
β+, p (zelden) | 133Pm | ||||||||
135Eu | 63 | 72 | 134,94182(32) | 1,5(2) s | β+ | 135Sm | 11/2− | ||
β+, p | 134Pm | ||||||||
136Eu | 63 | 73 | 135,93960(21) | 3,3(3) s | β+ (99,91%) | 136Sm | (7+) | ||
β+, p (0,09%) | 135Pm | ||||||||
136mEu | 0(500) keV | 3,8(3) s | β+ (99,91%) | 136Sm | (3+) | ||||
β+, p (0,09%) | 135Pm | ||||||||
137Eu | 63 | 74 | 136,93557(21) | 8,4(5) s | β+ | 137Sm | 11/2− | ||
138Eu | 63 | 75 | 137,93371(3) | 12,1(6) s | β+ | 138Sm | (6−) | ||
139Eu | 63 | 76 | 138,929792(14) | 17,9(6) s | β+ | 139Sm | 11/2− | ||
140Eu | 63 | 77 | 139,92809(6) | 1,51(2) s | β+ | 140Sm | 1+ | ||
140mEu | 210(15) keV | 125(2) ms | IT (99%) | 140Eu | 5− | ||||
β+(1%) | 140Sm | ||||||||
141Eu | 63 | 78 | 140,924931(14) | 40,7(7) s | β+ | 141Sm | 5/2+ | ||
141mEu | 96,45(7) keV | 2,7(3) s | IT (86%) | 141Eu | 11/2− | ||||
β+ (14%) | 141Sm | ||||||||
142Eu | 63 | 79 | 141,92343(3) | 2,36(10) s | β+ | 142Sm | 1+ | ||
142mEu | 460(30) keV | 1,223(8) min | β+ | 142Sm | 8− | ||||
143Eu | 63 | 80 | 142,920298(12) | 2,59(2) min | β+ | 143Sm | 5/2+ | ||
143mEu | 389,51(4) keV | 50,0(5) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
144Eu | 63 | 81 | 143,918817(12) | 10,2(1) s | β+ | 144Sm | 1+ | ||
144mEu | 1127,6(6) keV | 1,0(1) µs | (8−) | ||||||
145Eu | 63 | 82 | 144,916265(4) | 5,93(4) dagen | β+ | 145Sm | 5/2+ | ||
145mEu | 716,0(3) keV | 490 ns | 11/2− | ||||||
146Eu | 63 | 83 | 145,917206(7) | 4,61(3) dagen | β+ | 146Sm | 4− | ||
146mEu | 666,37(16) keV | 235(3) µs | 9+ | ||||||
147Eu | 63 | 84 | 146,916746(3) | 24,1(6) dagen | β+ (99,99%) | 147Sm | 5/2+ | ||
α (0,0022%) | 143Pm | ||||||||
148Eu | 63 | 85 | 147,918086(11) | 54,5(5) dagen | β+ (100%) | 148Sm | 5− | ||
α (9,39 × 10−7%) | 144Pm | ||||||||
149Eu | 63 | 86 | 148,917931(5) | 93,1(4) dagen | EV | 149Sm | 5/2+ | ||
150Eu | 63 | 87 | 149,919702(7) | 36,9(9) jaar | β+ | 150Sm | 5− | ||
150mEu | 42,1(5) keV | 12,8(1) uur | β− (89%) | 150Gd | 0− | ||||
β+ (11%) | 150Sm | ||||||||
IT (5 × 10−8%) | 150Eu | ||||||||
151Eu | 63 | 88 | 150,9198502(26) | 5 × 1018 jaar | α | 147Pm | 5/2+ | 0,4781(6) | |
151mEu | 196,245(10) keV | 58,9(5) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
152Eu | 63 | 89 | 151,9217445(26) | 13,537(6) jaar | β+ (72,09%) | 152Sm | 3- | ||
β− (27,9%) | 152Gd | ||||||||
152m1Eu | 45,5998(4) keV | 9,3116(13) uur | β− (72%) | 152Gd | 0− | ||||
β+ (28%) | 152Sm | ||||||||
152m2Eu | 65,2969(4) keV | 0,94(8) µs | 1− | ||||||
152m3Eu | 78,2331(4) keV | 165(10) ns | 1+ | ||||||
152m4Eu | 89,8496(4) keV | 384(10) ns | 4+ | ||||||
152m5Eu | 147,86(10) keV | 96(1) min | 8− | ||||||
153Eu | 63 | 90 | 152,9212303(26) | stabiel | 5/2+ | 0,5219(6) | |||
154Eu | 63 | 91 | 153,9229792(26) | 8,593(4) jaar | β− (99,98%) | 154Gd | 3-− | ||
EV (0,02%) | 154Sm | ||||||||
154m1Eu | 145,3(3) keV | 46,3(4) min | IT | 154Eu | (8−) | ||||
154m2Eu | 68,1702(4) keV | 2,2(1) µs | 2+ | ||||||
155Eu | 63 | 92 | 154,9228933(27) | 4,7611(13) jaar | β− | 155Gd | 5/2+ | ||
156Eu | 63 | 93 | 155,924752(6) | 15,19(8) d | β− | 156Gd | 0+ | ||
157Eu | 63 | 94 | 156,925424(6) | 15,18(3) uur | β− | 157Gd | 5/2+ | ||
158Eu | 63 | 95 | 157,92785(8) | 45,9(2) min | β− | 158Gd | (1−) | ||
159Eu | 63 | 96 | 158,929089(8) | 18,1(1) min | β− | 159Gd | 5/2+ | ||
160Eu | 63 | 97 | 159,93197(22) | 38(4) s | β− | 160Gd | 1− | ||
161Eu | 63 | 98 | 160,93368(32) | 26(3) s | β− | 161Gd | 5/2+ | ||
162Eu | 63 | 99 | 161,93704(32) | 10,6(10) s | β− | 162Gd | |||
163Eu | 63 | 100 | 162,93921(54) | 6 s | β− | 163Gd | 5/2+ | ||
164Eu | 63 | 101 | 163,94299(64) | 2 s | β− | 164Gd | |||
165Eu | 63 | 102 | 164,94572(75) | 1 s | β− | 165Gd | 5/2+ | ||
166Eu | 63 | 103 | 165,94997(86) | 400 ms | β− | 166Gd | |||
167Eu | 63 | 104 | 166,95321(86) | 200 ms | β− | 167Gd | 5/2+ |
Overzicht van isotopen per element[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]
1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
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1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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